Mixed Crop Livestock Farming Incorporating Agroforestry Orchards Facing the New Cap

In the context of the new CAP, decoupling subsidies from production should incite farmers to reorganize their production systems, particularly through diversification opportunities. In this paper we focus our analysis on the conditions that could permit the development of extensive orchards by modelling mixed crop livestock farms, which incorporate orchards. A mathematical programming model is built to simulate various intensification levels characterizing different technical pathways within the different farm activities (cattle breeding, forage fields, arboriculture). This model also enables us to take into account some environmental indicators related to these pathways. Moreover, the method illustrates technical complementarities existing within the diversified systems, thanks to the joint production phenomena introduced into our analysis. We show how these complementarities can be integrated into the farmer's decision criteria.decoupling, diversification, agroforestry orchards, joint production, mathematical programming, Agribusiness, C61, D24, Q12, Q21,

Effect of thermal and nutritional conditions on fatty acid metabolism and oxidative stress response in juvenile European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax)

Coastal nursery areas are subjected to a wide range of natural and anthropogenic stressors, including global warming, which indirectly influence trophic food webs. A global rarefaction of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in trophic networks is in progress. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of a reduction in the dietary availability of n-3 PUFA on some molecular and biochemical parameters related to lipid metabolism and oxidative stress response in juvenile European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) raised at two temperatures (15 °C and 20 °C). Fish were fed for five months with a reference diet (RD; 1.65% n-3 PUFA on a dry matter basis, DM), used as a proxy of trophic networks where n-3 PUFA is plentiful, and a lower n-3 PUFA diet (LD; 0.73% n-3 PUFA DM), designed to mimic a decrease in n-3 PUFA resulting from global changes (the n-3 PUFA levels tested remained above the nutritional minimum required for this species). Results showed that diet did not affect the hepatic expression of some mRNA coding for transcriptional factors involved in regulating the metabolic pathways related to fatty acid bioconversion. Although our molecular analysis was limited to transcript expression, these data suggest the presence of a threshold in the nutritional supply of PUFA above which the activation of these molecular pathways does not occur. However, the expression for most of the transcripts tested was up-regulated at 20 °C. Despite the high peroxidation index in fish fed RD, very few modifications of the oxidative stress response were associated with diet. At 20 °C, an increase of the enzymatic antioxidant response was observed, but there was no correlation with the peroxidation index or malondialdehyde products

Mixed Crop Livestock Farming Incorporating Agroforestry Orchards Facing the New Cap

In the context of the new CAP, decoupling subsidies from production should incite farmers to reorganize their production systems, particularly through diversification opportunities. In this paper we focus our analysis on the conditions that could permit the development of extensive orchards by modelling mixed crop livestock farms, which incorporate orchards. A mathematical programming model is built to simulate various intensification levels characterizing different technical pathways within the different farm activities (cattle breeding, forage fields, arboriculture). This model also enables us to take into account some environmental indicators related to these pathways. Moreover, the method illustrates technical complementarities existing within the diversified systems, thanks to the joint production phenomena introduced into our analysis. We show how these complementarities can be integrated into the farmer's decision criteria

Disentangling the influence of living place and socioeconomic position on health services use among diabetes patients: A population-based study.

This research investigates the influence of place of residence and diabetic patient's socioeconomic position on their use of health services in a universal health care system. This retrospective cross-sectional population-based study is based on the joint use of the Health Insurance information systems, an ecological indicator of social deprivation and an indicator of potential spatial accessibility of healthcare provision in the Midi-Pyrénées region. Using French healthcare insurance population-based data on reimbursement of out-of-hospital care during the year 2012, we study the use of health services among patients aged 50 and over (n = 90,136).We built logistic regression models linking health services use to socioeconomic position by geographic area, adjusted for age, gender, healthcare provision, information regarding patients precariousness, and long-term condition, used as proxy for the state of health. After adjustment for healthcare provision, the lower population density in the geographical area of concern, the lower the access to specialised care, independent of the patients' SEP. General practitioner attendance was higher among the patients with the lowest SEP without being clearly influenced by their living place. We found no clear influence of either patients' SEP or their living place on their access to biological follow-up. This study is an attempt to account for the geographical context and to go further in studying the social determinants of health among diabetes patients

[Use of medical and administrative databases to measure social health inequalities].

International audienc

Decreased hemispheric water mobility in hemiplegic migraine related to mutation of CACNA1A gene.

International audienceWe report a reversible reduction of water diffusion in the brain during a prolonged attack of hemiplegic migraine. The patient had a sporadic mutation of the CACNA1A gene. The diffusion changes were observed in the contralateral hemisphere 3 and 5 weeks after the onset of hemiplegia. These results suggest the occurrence of hemispheric cytotoxic edema during severe attacks of hemiplegic aura. The mechanisms underlying such ultrastructural modifications are unknown but an abnormal release of excitatory amino acids can be hypothesized

Some differences in nutritional biomarkers are detected between consumers and non-consumers of organic foods: findings from the BioNutriNet Project

Meta-analyses have compared the nutrient content of both organic and non-organic foods. However, the impacts of such variations on human nutritional biomarkers still need to be assessed.In a nested clinical study from the NutriNet-Santé study, we aimed to compare the nutritional status of “organic” and “non-organic” food consumers matched on a propensity score.Based on self-reported organic food consumption assessed through a food frequency questionnaire, 150 low and 150 high organic food consumers were selected with < 10% or > 50% of organic food in their diet respectively (expressed as the proportion of organic food in the whole diet in g/d). Participants were matched using a propensity score derived from sociodemographic, food and health variables. Fasting plasma samples were analyzed using acknowledged laboratory methods for measurements of iron status, magnesium, copper, cadmium, carotenoids, vitamins A and E, and fatty acids.We found significant differences between low and high organic food consumers with similar dietary patterns, with respect to plasma levels of magnesium, fat-soluble micronutrients (α-carotene, β-carotene, lutein and zeaxanthin), fatty acids (linoleic, palmitoleic, γ-linolenic and docosapentanoeic acids), and some fatty acid desaturase indexes. No differences between the two groups were detected for plasma levels of iron, copper, cadmium, lycopene, β–cryptoxanthin, vitamins A and E.If confirmed by other studies, our data suggest that a high consumption of organic foods, compared to very low consumption, modulates, to some extent, the nutritional status of individuals with similar dietary patterns. Further research including prospective cohort studies is needed to evaluate he clinical relevance of such differences

Access to medical follow-up by SEP and living place among patients aged 50 or over treated for diabetes.

<p><b>(n = 90,136).</b> Results from a logistic model adjusted for SEP by geographical area, age, sex, exemption from co-payment due to long-term condition, universal complementary healthcare insurance, and potentially localised accessibility to the GP (for therapeutic follow-up) / ophthalmologist (for prevention of complications).</p

The characteristics of the 90,136 patients aged 50 or over and treated for diabetes in the Midi-Pyrénées region.

<p>The characteristics of the 90,136 patients aged 50 or over and treated for diabetes in the Midi-Pyrénées region.</p